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The working principle of the chain hoist

2025-10-28

rizhi

Okay, the working principle of a chain hoist can be understood as replacing the manual drive mechanism found in a traditional hand-pulled hoist with an electric drive system, while also incorporating more complex electrical control and safety protection systems. The core concept of this hoist is to use electricity to replace manual labor, enabling the efficient and effortless lifting of heavy objects. The basic principle is as follows: The electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, which is then amplified through a gear system with a high reduction ratio (usually a planetary gear system) to generate sufficient torque to lift the load via a chain. Let’s break down its working principle and key components step by step: I. Main Components 1. Electric Motor: The power source, typically an AC asynchronous motor, which converts electrical energy into rotational motion. 2. Braking System: The heart of the hoist’s safety system, usually including a normally closed disc brake (or electromagnetic brake) that automatically engages when the power is cut off. 3. Reduction Mechanism: Similar to that of a hand-pulled hoist, this mechanism uses a planetary gear system or multiple stages of helical gears to achieve a high reduction ratio, converting the motor’s high-speed, low-torque output into a low-speed, high-torque output suitable for lifting heavy loads. 4. Lifting Chain Sprockets: Connected to the output shaft of the reduction mechanism, these sprockets directly drive the lifting chain. 5. Lifting Chain: Typically made of high-strength alloy steel, this chain is used to suspend the heavy load. 6. Electrical Control System: This includes a control box (or an integrated circuit inside the hoist) and a handheld button panel (or remote control), which are used to control the motor’s forward, reverse, and stop functions. 7. Safety Protection Devices: - Upper and Lower Limit Switches: These switches automatically cut off the power supply when the hook reaches its upper or lower limit, preventing the hoist from overextending or the chain from becoming too loose. - Overload Protector: This device automatically stops the hoist from operating when the load exceeds its rated capacity, protecting the equipment from damage. - Emergency Stop Switch: This switch immediately cuts off all power in case of an emergency. - Phase Sequence Protection (for three-phase power): This protection mechanism prevents the motor from running in reverse due to incorrect phase sequence connections, which could lead to control failures.

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